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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘, ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ๋ทฐ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ž๊พธ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

 

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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ .none์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์ฃผ๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค.

 

 

์ด์ œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฑธ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค !

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2.1 ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ

Creating a network app

  • software ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, application ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ง๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ application ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ๋‹ค.
    • Client - server ๊ตฌ์กฐ
    • P2P ๊ตฌ์กฐ

Client-server paradigm

  • Server
    • ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„œ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ , Client๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.
    • ์„œ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ณ ์ • IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. (permanent IP address - not change)
    • ์„œ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋” ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๋•Œ
      • ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ data center๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์„œ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
      • ๋ณดํ†ต 10๋งŒ๊ฐœ ์ •๋„์˜ ์„œ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • Clients
    • ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ connect ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • may be intermittently connected (๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐ€๋”์‹ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค)
    • dynamic IP address๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.
    • Client๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

P2P ๊ตฌ์กฐ

  • Client์™€ server ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค์˜ responsibility๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.
  • ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผœ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
  • ์ž„์˜์˜(arbitrary) end system๋“ค์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์†Œํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • ์ฆ‰, peer๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ ์Œ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • peer๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Client(laptop ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค)
  • **Self scalability(์ž๊ฐ€ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ)**๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.
    • ์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์„œ๋กœ ๋„์™€์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค.
    • ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํŒŒ์ผ ๊ณต์œ  application์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ peer๋“ค์ด ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์—… ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ Peer๋“ค์€ ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ Peer๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜๋‹ค.
  • data center ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•„์š” ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿ‘ฉ๐Ÿป‍๐Ÿ’ป 2.1.2 ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹ 

์‹ค์ œ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ process์ด๋‹ค.

  • ๊ฐ™์€ host ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ, ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ process๋“ค์€ IPC๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด communication ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • Inter-process-communication : ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
  • ๋‹ค๋ฅธ host ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” exchanging messages๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ๊ตํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • P2P ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ Client๋„ ์„œ๋ฒ„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์„œ๋ฒ„๋„ client process๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์†ก์‹  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค : ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๋ณด๋ƒ„
  • ์ˆ˜์‹  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค : ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‘๋‹ต

Client, Server process

  • client process : process that initiates communication
    • ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ชฝ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค
  • server process : process that waits to be contacted
    • ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ชฝ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค

Socket

process๋Š” socket์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. (๋ฌธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋…)

  • ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ application ๊ณ„์ธต๊ณผ transport ๊ณ„์ธต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์ด๋‹ค.
  • ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋Š” ์†Œ์ผ“์˜ application ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œ์ผ“์˜ transport ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • transport protocol์„ ์„ ํƒ
    • ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฒ„ํผ์™€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ค์ •
  • sending process shoves message out door - ์ „์†ก ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค.
  • Application๊ณผ network ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ API๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Addressing processes

ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ‚ท์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์‹  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Identifier๋Š” IP์ฃผ์†Œ์™€ port number๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.

  1. ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ ์ฆ‰, IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
    1. IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ identifier๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
  2. ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ณ„์ž. ์ฆ‰ port ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
    1. ์ด port ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋‚ด process๋ฅผ ํŠน์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    2. ๊ฐ™์€ IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ application์ด๋‚˜ process๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— port ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • IP๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ computer๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ‘ฉ๐Ÿป‍๐Ÿ’ป 2.1.3 An Application-layer protocol defines

application ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋Š” ์†Œ์ผ“์˜ application ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œ์ผ“์˜ transport ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์ด ์–ด๋–ค transport service๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋‹ค.

  1. Data integrity
    1. ์†์‹ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” data๋ฅผ ์ „์†ก
  2. throughput
    1. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ session๋“ค์ด network ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ์„ธ์…˜๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค ์—†์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์œจ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ์†๋„์—์„œ ๋ณด์žฅ๋œ ๊ฐ€์šฉ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์œจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.
    2. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์œจ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ๋‹ค.
      1. effective app : ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์œจ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ application
      2. elastic app : ํƒ„๋ ฅ์  application. ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์œจ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์—†๋‹ค.
  3. timing
    1. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์†ก์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ socket์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  bit๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž์˜ socket์— 100ms ๋‚ด์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ application์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
  4. security
    1. data๋ฅผ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Internet transport protocols services

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ „์†ก ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค

  1. TCP ์„œ๋น„์Šค
  2. UDP ์„œ๋น„์Šค

TCP service

  • reliable transport
  • ์„œ๋กœ ์ „์†ก ์ œ์–ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

UDP service

  • unreliable data transefer
  • hand shaking ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์—†๊ณ , ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

TCP vs. UDP

  • TCP๊ฐ€ UDP๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, UDP๋Š” ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค.
  • ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์œจ ํ˜น์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด์žฅ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
    • ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์œจ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์—ฐ์— ์ž˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿ‘ฉ๐Ÿป‍๐Ÿ’ป 2.1.5 Application layer: Protocol

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

  • ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ํƒ€์ž…
  • ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•(syntax)
  • ํ•„๋“œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ, ์ฆ‰ ํ•„๋“œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ(semantics)
  • ์–ธ์ œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์— ์‘๋‹ต ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™
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1.2 Network edge: hosts, access network, physical media

Network edge

  • hosts : Clients and servers
  • servers often in data centers
  • ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • ex) ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ๋กœ end system์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

Q. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ host๊ฐ€ internet์— connection ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?

  • Wifi, LTE, Desktop, LAN ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ network๋ฅผ callํ•˜๊ณ , access network๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • access network : access network ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ network core์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด user can access to the internet

Network core

ISP์— ์˜ํ•ด operate ๋œ๋‹ค. (like KT, LGU+, SK ๋“ฑ)

 

๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค.

  • interconnected routers (forward packet to the destination)
  • network of networks
  • internet์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ.

 

์ฃผ์š” access network์˜ ์œ ํ˜•

  1. DSL
    1. ์ „ํ™”์„ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์ ‘์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹
    2. ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ DSL ๋ชจ๋Ž€์ด ์ „ํ™” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ.
  2. Cable network
    1. Cable ๋ชจ๋Ž€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ ‘์†์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง
  3. FTTH
    1. ๊ด‘์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•จ.
  4. 5G
    1. 5G ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹.
    2. ๊ด‘์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ณ ์† ๋ฌด์„  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•œ๋‹ค.
  5. Ethernet and Wifi
    1. ๋กœ์ปฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ(LAN) ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋”๋„ท ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ Wifi๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌด์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

 

Links : physical media

  • How to connect end systems to edge router?
    • residential access ents to connect to internet
    • institutional access networks (school, company)
    • mobile access networks (Wifi, 4G/5G)
  • transmission rate
  • shared or dedicated access among users?
    • type์ธ๋ฐ, shared์ธ์ง€ dedicated์ธ์ง€
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋งค์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๋„ ๋งค์ฒด(Guided Media)์™€ ๋น„์œ ๋„ ๋งค์ฒด(Unguided Media)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค.

 

์œ ๋„ ๋งค์ฒด (guided media- wired)

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๊ผฌ์ž„์„  (Twisted Pair Copper Wire)

์ „ํ™” ๋ฐ LAN ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ ‘์†๊ณผ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๋™์ถ• ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” (Coaxial Cable)

์ผ€์ด๋ธ” TV ๋ฐ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก๋ฅ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  (Fiber Optics)

๋น›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์†ก์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค.

 

๋น„์œ ๋„ ๋งค์ฒด (unguided media - wireless)

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๋ฌด์„  ์ „ํŒŒ (Terrestrial Radio Channels)

Wifi, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์—†์ด ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•œ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ์œ„์„ฑ (Satellite Channels)

์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ถค๋„์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์›๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ ‘์†์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿ”— Access networks : cable-based access

์„œ๋กœ ๊ณต์œ (shared)ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ ค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋™์ถ•(coasial) cable๋กœ, wireless๋ณด๋‹ค stableํ•˜๋‹ค.
  • FDM (frequency division multiplexing) : different channels transmitted in different frequency bands
    • down stream, upstream channel ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณต์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— FDM ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ ์ „์†ก์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
  • splitter : it can transfer internet data packet to the cable modem.
    • cable modem converts the analog → digital
  • CMTS : Cable Modem Termination System
    • ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค์šด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๋ชจ๋Ž€์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†ก์‹ ๋œ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํฌ๋งท์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• 
    • ์ฆ‰, DSL ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ DSLAM๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•จ
  • HFC : hybrid fiber coax
    • asymmetric (๋น„๋Œ€์นญ) : downstream์ด upstream๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ BPS๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ internet์—์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ download ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ, ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ”— Access networks : digital subscriber line (DSL)

dedicated line์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ sharedํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
  • DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer)
    • ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ-์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์ด DSLAM์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
      1. data์™€ ์ „ํ™” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ
      2. data๋ฅผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ์†ก์‹ 
  • Splitter
    • ๊ฐ€์ •์ชฝ์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
      • ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์ „ํ™” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
      • data ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ DSL๋ชจ๋Ž€์œผ๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • DSL vs DSLAM
    • DSL ๋ชจ๋Ž€์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ , DSLAM์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ์ค‘์•™ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์ 

๐Ÿ”— Access networks : fiber to the home (FTTH)

  1. ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ONT(Optical Network Terminator)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์ •๋œ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ ๋กœ ์ด์›ƒ splitter์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
  2. Splitter(Optical splitter)๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณต์œ  ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ…”์ฝ”์˜ Central Office์— ์žˆ๋Š” OLT(Optimal Line Terminal)์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
  3. OLT๋Š” ๊ด‘์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ œ๊ณต, ์ด๋Š” ํ…”์ฝ” ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ”— Access networks : home networks

  1. we have to subscribe telecommunication operation like KT, LGU+
  2. From the telecommunication operator to home, we can install the various access of internet like DSL, FTTH
  3. From the modem at our home, we can construct the various home networks

๐Ÿ”— Access networks : wireless access networks

Shared wireless access network connects end system to router

Wireless local area networks(WLANS)

  • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ distance๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋ผ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • IEEE 802.11 b/g/n/ac/ax (Wifi)

Wide-area cellular access networks

  • local area network๋ณด๋‹ค coverage๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋„“๋‹ค.

Wireless local area vs. Wide-area

Mobility : cellular๋Š” mobility๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿ”— Access networks : enterprise networks

๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€์„œ, ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ , ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

  • mix of wired, wireless

 

์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…

  • ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋Œ€์˜ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํŒจํ‚ท ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ „์†กํ•จ.
  • ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •.
  • ํŒจํ‚ท ์Šค์œ„์นญ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์€ ํŒจํ‚ท์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ž„.
  • ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ†ต์‹ ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž„.
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1.1 What is the Internet? What is a protocol?

Internet ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ, ๊ฐ€์ • ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋“ค์€ ISP(Internet Service Provider)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.

(์ด๋Ÿฐ ISP๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ IXP๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.)

 

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

1. nuts and bolts view

2. service view

 

1๏ธโƒฃ nuts and bolts view

์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ

Internet have various component. Host, Packet switches, communication links. They make networks and ISP connects the network. To run the internet, we need some communication rules, that is protocol

host = end system

  • ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ์žฅ์น˜
  • ์„œ๋ฒ„, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ‘์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค’
  • Internet์˜ edge์—์„œ network app์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • communication link์™€ packet switch์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

communication link

  • ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „์†ก๋ฅ (transmission rate)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด packet์„ ์ „์†กํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • transmission ๋‹จ์œ„ : bps (bits per second, ์ดˆ๋‹น ๋น„ํŠธ ์ˆ˜)
  • ๋™์ถ• ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”, ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์„ , ๊ด‘์ผ€์ด๋ธ”, ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋งค์ฒด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

Packet

  • ์†ก์‹  ์ข…๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹  ์ข…๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง„๋‹ค.
  • ์†ก์‹  ์ข…๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ segment๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ , ๊ฐ segment์— header๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•ด ์ˆ˜์‹  ์ข…๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • ํŒจํ‚ท์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์—์„œ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋œ๋‹ค.

Packet switch

๋ชฉ์  : ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ „์†ก

  • ์ž…๋ ฅ ํ†ต์‹  ๋งํฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜
  • ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ‚ท์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ†ต์‹  ๋งํฌ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ทธ ํŒจํ‚ท์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŒจํ‚ท์„ ์ „๋‹ฌ
  • ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜
    • link-layer switch : ๋ณดํ†ต ์ ‘์† ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
    • router : ๋ณดํ†ต ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ฝ”์–ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

 

Protocols

  • machines ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ communication ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•จ.
  • ์ด ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Communication ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
  • ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ ๋‘˜์„ ํ†ต์นญํ•˜์—ฌ TCP/IP๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • TCP : Transmission Control Protocol
    • IP : Internet Protocol
      • ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ์™€ ์ข…๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹  ๋˜๋Š” ํŒจํ‚ท ํฌ๋งท์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • ํ‘œ์ค€ (Standards)
    • IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
      • ๊ตญ์ œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ
      • RFC (Requests for Comment) : IETF ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฌธ์„œ (์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” docment๋ฅผ RFC๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
      • TCP, IP, HTTP, SMTP ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์ •์˜
  • 3๊ฐœ์˜ factors๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.
    • format
    • order
    • actions
  • ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ format, order๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  transmissionํ•˜๋Š” action์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ.
  • ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ ํ•˜๋ƒ๋ฉด,
    1. ๋จผ์ € TCP connection์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค (transfer the request message)
    2. ์„œ๋ฒ„๋Š” request๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ์ง€ ๋ง์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    3. transmit some response to the client
      1. action when the server receive the request messages from the client
    4. TCP connection์ด established ๋˜๋ฉด, client can transmit this message

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

  • ํŒจํ‚ท ์Šค์œ„์น˜์™€ ํ†ต์‹  ๋งํฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ
    • ์ด ISP๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด network๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
  • end system์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ ‘์†์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • CP(content provider)์—๊ฒŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ ‘์†์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์„œ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
  • ISP๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ
    • ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์ข…๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ข…๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ‘์†์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ISP๋“ค๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

2๏ธโƒฃ Service view

Function1 : Infrastructure

  • internet์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ request๋ฅผ transfer ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” response๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.
  • request์™€ response๊ฐ€ Infrastructure์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

Function2: Programming interface

  • Infrastructure๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” we need to write something.
  • ์†ก์žฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” infrastructure๋ฅผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ € interface๋งŒ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค.
  • hooks allowing sending/receiving apps to “connect” to, use Internet transport service.
    • ์•ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ 
  • provides service options, analogous to postal service
    • ์šฐํŽธ์˜ ์†ก์žฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.

 

 

์ฐธ๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ : https://github.com/IT-Book-Organization/Computer-Networking_A-Top-Down-Approach/tree/main/Chapter_1/1.1%20%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%84%B7%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80%20%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80%3F

 

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